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Callopistria
Hubner
Type
species: juventina Stoll, Europe.
Synonyms:
Lagopus R.L. (praeocc, type species juventina); Eriopus Treitschke
(replacement name for Lagopus); Agabra Walker (type species trilineata
Walker); Obana Walker (praeocc, type species pulchrilinea Walker);
Data Walker (type species thalpophiloides Walker) syn. n.; Cotanda
Moore (type species placodoides Guenee); Methorasa Moore (type
species latreillei Duponchel, Europe); Euherrichia Grote
(replacement for Herrichia Grote, praeocc, type species monetifera Guenee,
N. America); Dissolophus Butler (type species chloriza Guenee,
Java); Gnamptocera Butler (type species minuta Butler, India); Haploolophus
Butler (type species mollissima Guenee, U.S.A.); Hemipachycera Butler
(type species rivularis Walker); Hyperdasys Butler (type species exotica
Guenee); Rhopotrichla Butler (type species recurvata Moore,
India); Platydasys Butler (type species pryeri Butler); Lasiosceles
Bethune-Baker (type species pratti Bethune-Baker, New Guinea) syn.
n.; Miropalpa Berio (type species pauliani Berio, Madagascar);
Mosara Walker (type species apicalis Walker) syn. n.
This
is a very large genus found worldwide. It can be clearly defined on a number of
characters, and the species can be grouped within it fairly readily on others. A
few taxa are grouped with it on weaker grounds, such as general facies.
The
forewings are angled centrally at the margin, though this angle can be weak or
secondarily absent. The tornus is usually somewhat falcate, an effect heightened
often by lengthened fringe scales. Most taxa have a white submarginal that is
distinctively broken into oblique segments, often with a stronger one at the
marginal angle. The reniform and orbicular are often pronounced, elongated and
set obliquely to each other. Trifine basal hair pencils are present but weak.
Two
species, particularly C. albistriga Walker, show some or all these
features but lack the more obviously apomorphic features exhibited by the
majority of taxa. They retain a harpe on the valve of the male genitalia and
have a normal uncus. The second species, C. concinna Prout, has the
tegumen laterally expanded as in Eulepa Walker and Stenopterygia Hampson,
having the harpe set relatively basally as in the latter (though differing
considerably from it in facies). The aedeagus shaft is unmodified.
In
all other species the harpe is lost and the uncus is more or less swollen, with
a terminal hook. C. apicalis Walker has these features but lacks two
strong apomorphies that embrace the remaining taxa: sclerotisation of the basal
half of the aedeagus restricted to a narrow ventral strip before extending round
the shaft in the ring at two-thirds; a ballooning of the tegumen, with long
scales arising from prominent but widely dispersed setal bases.
The
genus can then be split into two major groups, one, subgenus Data Walker,
with the base of the sacculus expanded but not divided, though distinctively
finely folded around the margin where arises a clump of fine hair-scales.
Bornean taxa included are C. obliterata Warren, and the pairs C.
callopistrioides Moore and C. thalpophiloides Walker (united by
forewing facies and yellow bases to the hindwings, seen to some extent also in obliterata),
and C. manta Swinhoe and C. variegata Swinhoe.
The
remainder, subgenus Callopistria, is defined by a narrow zone of long
setae posterior to the lateral rods of the male eighth sternite. C. alfredi sp.
n., C. quadrinotata Walker and C. guttulalis Hampson fall into
this group but lack the next apomorphy.
Most
taxa of subgenus Callopistria have the sacculus of the valve divided
basally exteriorly. This character groups together two subgroups with the taxa C.
repleta Walker and C. ludovici Prout.
One
subgroup includes three Bornean species, C. emiliusalis Walker, C.
ventralis Walker and C. albipunctalis sp. n. These show
common facies features together with elongated lateral rods to the male
eighth sternite and greater development of the associated setose zones,
particularly at the distal end.
The
other subgroup is defined by a character of the male antennae and includes the
type species, juventina Stoll. The basal sector is broadened and ends in
a node at about one third with a slight angle and some denser scaling, before
continuing as the more flexible distal flagellum.
This
'nodal antenna' subgroup can be subdivided further. One species group is
characterised by the presence of apically hooked, blade-like structures at the
antennal node. It includes a robust sister-pair (C. wallacei Felder, C.
scriptiplena Walker) that share features of facies and an elongate aedeagus
vesica with an apical cornutus, and C. maillardi Guenee, a widespread
species that forms a group with a large number of S.W. Pacific and Polynesian
endemics (Holloway, 1983a).
A
second group is characterised by an aedeagus vesica that is small but has a
tongue-like sclerotisation. This group includes C. rivularis Walker, C.
exotica Guenee and two species that have a pair of spinose bosses on
sternite 8, C. placodoides Guenee and C. trilineata Walker.
The
final group consists of a pair of species, C. pulchrilinea Walker and C.
montana Holloway, with the spinose zone associated with the lateral rods
broadened and with a small, globular aedeagus vesica with a mass of large
cornuti.
The
female genitalia show no modification at generic level, though may have features
specific to certain groups. A full survey has not been under taken. The
bursa lacks signa but is generally scobinate. Species with an elongate aedeagus
vesica tend also to have a well-developed appendix bursae.
The
larva is a typical smooth trifine shape, with primary setae only. A variety of
colour patterns has been described.
The
host-plants recorded are invariably ferns. In the Oriental and Australian
regions the following genera of fern have been noted (Sevastopulo, 1941a, 1947;
Viette, 1962; Pholboon, 1965; Robinson, 1975; McFarland, 1979; Miyata, 1983;
Sugi, 1987; Bell, MS): Adiantum, Ceterach, Davallia. Dennstaedtia,
Histiopteris, Lemmaphyllum, Lygodium, Matteuccia, Nephrolepis, Pellaea,
Phyllitis, Pteridium, Pteris, Selaginella, (a club-moss) Thelypteris. The
number of families is also large: Adiantaceae, Aspleniaceae, Davalliaceae,
Dennstaedtiaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Polypodiaceae, Schizaeaceae, Selaginellaceae,
Thelypteridaceae.
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