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Etanna
Walker
Type
species: basalis
Walker, Borneo.
Synonyms: Andrapha
Walker (type species basalis);
Apothripa
Hampson (type species
iphida
Swinhoe, India); Bagistana
Walker (type species rudis Walker = breviuscula Walker, Borneo)
syn. n.; Clettharra
Walker (type species
valida
Walker = breviuscula, Borneo) syn. n.;
Nanaguna
Walker (type species
breviuscula
Walker, Borneo) syn. n.;
Tamusida
Walker (type species
vittalis
Walker, Borneo) syn. n.;
Thrypticodes
Lucas (type species
xyloglypta
Lucas = breviuscula, Australia) syn. n.
This genus and its new synonyms are brought together on shared features of
forewing venation and male abdominal features. The included species also show a
wide variety of male secondary sexual characters, and several show sexual
dimorphism. Many also have white or pale marginal flecks at around one-third
from the tornus of the forewing. The venation feature is in the radial sector
branching system which is (R2 ((R3, R4) R5)), the branching off of R5 being
unusually distal to that of R2; there is no areole. The hindwing venation is
quadrifid, with M3 and CuA1 stalked, except in the type species of Etanna
where it is trifid, and the male has the wing strongly bilobed. In E.
breviuscula comb. n. and E. teleoleuca Prout comb. n.
the male hindwing has a sharp subbasal angle to the costa, the costal zone has
tufts of dark brown scales, and there is a dark scale pencil within the cell
just posterior to these.
Other secondary sexual characters are found in the male abdomen. Lateral coremata (three pairs) are found between segments 4, 5, 6 and 7 in basalis,
breviuscula and teleoleuca. Coremata are also found in association
with the seventh and eighth segments in some other species. There are no tymbal
organs. The eighth segment is short, the apodemes of both sclerites short,
broad, widely spaced; in some species (e.g. E. brunnea Hampson comb.
n.) the eighth sternite becomes enlarged and expanded to direct the
genitalia into a more upwardly facing orientation. The genitalia have an uncus
much as in Characoma
Walker, simple, tapering from a broad base, but the tegumen, though elongate and
sometimes expanded slightly on each side, or produced on each side of the uncus
(breviuscula and allies), is not more expanded at the junction with the
vinculum and does not overlap it. The valves are diagnostically reduced in size
and are usually smaller than the processes that bear the clump of dark scales,
and this is usually globular, rarely blade-like as in Characoma. The
saccus is broad and well developed.
The female genitalia have the ovipositor lobes acute. The ductus is very long
and slender. The corpus bursae is usually spherical and with general spining
rather than a signum, though the spining may vary in development across the
corpus bursae.
The genus is restricted to the Indo-Australian tropics but contains several
species that are widespread thoughout this area. The biology of several species
is known, as discussed individually below.
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