FAMILY SATURNIIDAE
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Cricula trifenestrata Helfer
Saturnia trifenestrata Helfer, 1837, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, 6: 45.
Cricula andrei sensu Holloway, 1976: 85.
Cricula trifenestrata Helfer; Holloway, 1981: 122; Allen, 1981: 120; Lampe, 1985: 15.


Cricula trifenestrata
(.65 natural size)

Cricula trifenestrata
(.73 natural size)


Diagnosis.
The next two species are very similar: bornea can only be distinguished on genitalic features as described for that species; elaezia is darker, less orange; in Bornean elaezia the two fasciae of the hindwing converge anteriorly just before the costa or are joined by a diffuse, dark bar at their nearest point; the aedeagus vesica lacks cornuti, and the juxta differs significantly. No reliable characteristics for distinguishing the females have yet been discovered.

Taxonomic notes. The status of many taxa currently subordinated to trifenestrata is being investigated by W. Nassig. Therefore only the original descriptions and references to recent records for Borneo are listed above. See also Holloway (1981). Male specimens from the Bornean lowlands have two approximately equal hyaline spots on the forewing; those from montane forests have the posterior one reduced (Holloway, 1981)

Geographical range. Indian Subregion to Philippines, Sulawesi and Java.

Habitat preference. The species ranges from the lowlands to over 2000m.

Biology. The larva was illustrated by Horsfield & Moore (1858-1859) (Java). It is shown as dark grey with T3 and the anal claspers red. There is a sublateral pink stripe, and the venter is black. Each segment is ringed with setose verrucae. Gardiner (1982) states each segment is clothed in yellow-brown hair, and the segments are separated by dark brown rings. 

The cocoon is a fusiform, yellow network of silk.

Recorded host-plants (Sevastopulo, 1940; Pholboon, 1965; Browne, 1968; Arora & Gupta, 1979; Bell, MS; CIE records) are as follows: Anacardium, Mangifera, Spondias (Anacardiaceae); Careya (Barringtoniaceae); Bishchofia (Bischofiaceae); Canarium (Burseraceae); Quercus (Fagaceae); Cinnamomum, Machilus, Persea (Lauraceae); Acrocarpus (Leguminosae); Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae); Malus, Prunus, Pyrus (Rosaceae); Salix (Salicaceae); Schleichera (Sapindaceae).

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