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SUBFAMILY
BAGISARINAE |
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Amyna Guenée Type species: selenampha Guenée = punctum Fabricius, see below. Synonyms: Amynodes Warren (type species distigmata Hampson, Bhutan); Berresa Walker (type species natalis Walker, see below); Chytoryza Grote (type species tecta Grote = axis Guenée, see below); Formosamyna Strand (type species frontalis Strand, Taiwan); Hesperimorpha Saalmüller (type species paradoxa Saalmüller, Madagascar = punctum); Hurworthia Nye (replacement name for Niphosticta Turner); Ilattia Walker (type species cephusalis Walker = axis, see below); Lochia Walker (type species apicalis Walker, Queensland); Niphosticta Turner (type species apicipuncta Turner, Queensland), praeocc.; Pteraetholix Grote (type species bullula Grote, Alabama); Stridova Walker (type species albigutta Walker = axis, see below); Trilophia Turner (type species niphadospila Turner = auriculata Turner, Australia). All species have rather triangular forewings in shades of brown or blackish brown. The reniform stigma may be prominent in the shape of a figure 8 and is sometimes variably bounded by white and centred with white, pale brown or ochreous yellow; the posterior ellipse or circle of the reniform may be more developed in this manner than the anterior one. There are finely darker, crenate fasciae crossing the wing but these tend to be obscure. In some species these are marked by whitish marks at the costa, particularly the submarginal. Males of most species have a distinctive fovea situated subbasally within the cell; this fovea is most clearly seen on the underside, and may be partially covered by a flap of scales. It is most strongly developed in natalis, and has been shown in that species to have a stridulatory function (see p. 42). The labial palps are porrect, the third segment half the length and depth of the second. The male antennae are filiform, with short cilia. The phragma lobes between the first and second abdominal tergites are vestigial. The male abdomen has the eighth tergite paddle‑like as in most Bagisarinae, though this ranges from very narrow, almost violin‑shaped in punctum to very broad (aroa Bethune‑Baker group). The sternite is more or less uniformly sclerotised in punctum but has a framed lacuna in most of the aroa group. The genitalia are characterised in particular by a scaled, shouldered tegumen and by valves divided into a sclerotised costal process and a longer narrower cucullar one that bears fine setae (seen also on the costal one in punctum). There is usually a basally directed, curved or digitate process arising subbasally from the central line of fusion of the two parts. The valve bases are complex, but there is some indication of fusion of membranous extensions from them basal to the juxta. The aedeagus is small, short, with a small, irregularly globular vesica that may bear small groups of spines of varying length or be immaculate. The female genitalia are variable, but the ostial area is unmodified, the ductus bursae varies from moderate, sclerotised in punctum to short, unsclerotised (e.g. all other Bornean species). The ostium is situated at the anterior margin of the eighth segment. The corpus bursae is usually ovate to pyriform, small, flimsy, without signa, but in punctum it is very narrow, equal in width to the ductus. The larvae have a granulate head, and the prolegs of A3 and A4 are reduced to minute pointed tubercles; the relatively long crochets of the developed prolegs are appendiculate as in the Bagisarinae (p. 23) and typical members of the genus Cosmophila Boisduval (Gardner, 1941, 1946a, 1947; Holloway, 1998, 2005). The body is slender, nearly cylindrical. Features of the pupa are also bagisarine (p. 25). The genus is pantropical. Indo‑Australian species from Sundaland eastwards are reviewed here in some detail. In addition to those discussed in the species accounts, there are three further species in Australia (Nielsen et al., 1996): auriculata Turner and onthodes Lower, with more variegated grey forewings; apicalis Walker, with rather narrow forewings but male genitalia similar to those of axis. |
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