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Hulodes Guenée
Type
species: caranea Cramer, Java.
Synonym:
Hylodes
Hampson
(unjustified emendation of Hulodes) praeocc.
Species
of Hulodes
are
all large with characteristic facies. The male antennae are finely ciliate, the
tibiae densely scaled and with hair pencils. The hindwing is usually angled at
M3 on the margin and sometimes also (caranea Cramer
group) more weakly at M1. The cells of fore- and hindwings are relatively short.
The pattern always includes more or less straight submarginals that define a
distinct marginal zone. The more basal fasciae vary in course and are less
clearly defined, though the postmedial is distinctly darker and finely
castellated on the hindwing underside, more weakly so on the forewing. The
forewing reniform is usually evident, moderate, lunulate on the upperside, but
there are dark dots discally on all wings on the underside. The labial palps
have the third segment longer (half the length of the second in males, slightly
larger in females) and slender in drylla and
allies, but it is much shorter and more robust in males only of the caranea
group.
This group shows more pronounced sexual dimorphism, and males have a small crest
of scales on the first tarsal segment of the foreleg.
In the
male abdomen, the eighth segment is only slightly modified, with short broad
apodemes at the anterior corners of the tergite, and with the posterior margin
of the sternite distinctly concave. In the genitalia, the uncus apex is of the
compressed ball-and-claw type, with a narrow cleft between the ball and the
claw. A scaphium is present, and the juxta is of the inverted ‘Y’ core
catocaline type. The valves are somewhat corematous apically, but generally
narrow, without processes, though sometimes with the margins angled. The
aedeagus is slender, with a vesica with long diverticulum with reversed spines
that has a few smaller ones at its base that are less heavily ornamented or not
at all. Their aedeagus structure is similar to that seen in Ericeia
Walker
and Lacera
Guenée.
The
female genitalia (donata Schultze) have the seventh sternite triangular, with
the ostium at its apex; however, it is only very slightly shorter than the
tergite. The ductus is long, slender, sclerotised, strap-like, with the ovate
and faintly rugose bursa set asymmetrically on it, with a slightly coiled
appendix bursae at the opposite side to this junction, giving rise to the ductus
seminalis. At the distal end of the bursa are two inconspicuous longitudinal
bands of longer, slender spicules.
One of
the two Bornean species and H. drylla Guenée occur in India and were
distinguished there by Srivastava (1992). A third
Indian species is brought out of synonymy with drylla
Guenée
below.
Host
records are from several plant families as indicated below, though Leguminosae
are common to both Bornean species. Miller et al. (unpublished)
have reared a larva of H. ischnethes Prout from Tarenna
(Rubiaceae)
in New Guinea.
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