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Hulodes
caranea Cramer
Phalaena caranea Cramer, [1780] 1782, Uitlandsche Kapellen,
3: 140.
Hulodes
angulata Prout, 1928, Bull. Hill Mus., Witley 2:
258, syn.
n.
Hulodes caranea Cramer; Holloway, 1976: 33.
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Hulodes
caranea  |
Hulodes
caranea  |
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Diagnosis.
Males are dark greyish brown with paler margins to the wings, females are
paler, more uniform, with straight, double submarginal fasciae.
Taxonomic
note. The species is sometimes referred to as H.
carenea;
see Nye (1975) for comment on the correct spelling. The name fusifascia Walker
was placed both as a synonym of drylla Guenée and as a good species by Poole (1989), but
subordinated to caranea by Nielsen et
al.
(1996). In fact, fusifascia is probably a good species; though similar to caranea
in
general markings and sexual dimorphism, both sexes are somewhat more buff in
ground colour. H. gravata Prout, with ssp. seranensis Prout,
is probably conspecific with fusifascia, giving a combined distribution of
Australia, New Guinea and Seram. This potential synonymy needs confirmation by
dissection. H.
ischnethes Prout
(see generic description) also has facies and sexual dimorphism similar to caranea.
Hulodes
angulata angulata Prout (Sumatra) was distinguished originally on the minor grounds
of having a hindwing submarginal that curves strongly at the dorsum. The male
genitalia are as in caranea
and
therefore it is brought into synonymy.
Geographical
range. Indo-Australian tropics east to New Guinea; also on islands of
the Marianas and Carolines.
Habitat
preference. The species is infrequent but has been recorded from the
lowlands to 2110m.
Biology.
The larva was described and illustrated by Moore (1884-1887). It is swollen
over A1 and A2, tapering away to the front and back. The prolegs on A3 are
reduced. The body is green above the spiracles, a dirty white below. There are
irregular dorsal and dorsolateral black bands, broken by white patches on most
segments. The white patches on A4 and A5 are confluent, forming an iregular
‘V’ with its base posteriorly. There is a pair of pinkish buff conical
tubercles on A8.
The
host plants listed by Robinson et al. (2001)
are unspecified Acanthaceae, Dyera (Apocynaceae), Albizia,
Paraserianthes
(Leguminosae)
and Camellia (Theaceae).
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