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SUBFAMILY
BRYOPHILINAE |
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Stenoloba Staudinger Type species: jankowskii Oberthür, Russia (nr. Vladivostok). Synonym: Neothripa Hampson (type species punctistigma Hampson, India). This genus, as stated above, was associated with the Bryophilinae rather than the Acontiinae by Sugi (1970), as indicated by Ueda (1984) and Sugi (1987). It has been extensively reviewed and redefined by Kononenko & Ronkay (2000, 2001), with further species described by Ronkay (2001). Whilst the forewings of most Cryphia species are generally similar to those of Acronicta Ochsenheimer and Hadena Schrank, those of Stenoloba bear a greater resemblance to some Nolidae such as Selepa Moore and Nycteola Hübner. The hindwings are a uniform pale to dark grey, often with a diffusely darker discal lunule and sometimes a faint and similarly diffuse postmedial fascia. The head has a rounded frontal prominence. There is a prothoracic crest of raised scales, and some species have an abdominal crest. The second abdominal tergite lacks phragma lobes. The male abdomen has the eighth segment of the framed corematous type. The anterior margin to the frame of the sternite is rounded rather than square and encloses a single corema. In typical Cryphia the sternite has a square frame, but coremata are not evident. The genitalia are diverse in structure, but the uncus is usually short to minute, and sometimes vestigial. The valves are simple in many species, and sometimes tapering, or with a strong cucullus. There may be a corona or an apical spine. Some species have an interior saccular process, and others have processes from the costa; also the valves may be robust and apically bifid. The saccus is always shallow. The juxta is longer than broad, generally triangular, bottle‑shaped or flask‑shaped. The aedeagus vesica is usually tubular or swollen, rarely with diverticula. Often there are extensive fields of scobination or spining, and a few species have a robust cornutus or a narrow, sclerotised bar. The female genitalia have a broad, sclerotised antrum to the ductus bursae, variable in length, but sometimes over half the length of the corpus bursae, from which it is usually separated by a slight, very short constriction, though this zone can be longer. The neck of the corpus bursae also has a zone of sclerotisation, and the distal part is membranous and varies from elongate or ovate to pyriform, lacking a signum. The ductus seminalis arises subbasally from a slight to moderate appendix bursae that may also be sclerotised and folded. The larva (Sugi, 1970) has a thick, cylindrical body with long primary setae, SD1 being much longer than SD2 on T2 and T3 as in Cryphia Hübner, a feature that may define the Bryophilinae. All prolegs are fully developed. The larvae, like those of Cryphia, are lichen‑feeders (see subfamily account above). Whilst Cryphia has diversity throughout the Palaearctic, Stenoloba appears restricted to the eastern Oriental Region, extending into temperate latitudes, and predominantly montane in tropical ones. Ronkay (2001) identified Taiwan as a centre of diversity for the genus with eleven species, and Vietnam has twelve species (Kononenko & Ronkay, 2001), five in one endemic species-group. Representation in Sundaland is so far only known from the species discussed below. |
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